The comments below are taken from a post on instagram (link above), from a lady known as laurenpoole94, who posts incredible photos of her sewing projects. She has had some serious illnesses, and spoke eloquently about how craft work has aided the process of recovery. It has sparked a very insightful discussion, from which, much can be learned.
'laurenpoole94#miymarch17 Why? I returned to sewing seriously as part of my recovery for encephalitis (or inflammation of the brain). It was both something pleasant to do and a way to regain the motor skills I had lost. Since then I've also battled cancer and lost part of my thumb (pictured). I've been determined since then to prove how much my hand can still do, everything from detailed embroidery to complex sewing. When people see my dresses, they don't think about my cancer or my amputation, they just think about what I've made. Sewing gives me an identity outside being unwell. #miymarch#sarcomasewing#sarcoma#spoonie#spooniesewing#amputation#thumb#sewersofinstagram#sewistsofinstagram#miyprizeday1
jenlegg4Sewing has been my therapy too when my PA Arthritis has flared my mobility was so bad but sewing kept my mind going although I have a finger that's there but doesn't work! #healthiswealth glad your recovering #inspiration@laurenpoole94💕
laurenpoole94@jenlegg4 it's amazing how being creative can make chronic ill health more tolerable. I've actually been told by doctors that sewing is part of the reason I'm still functioning as well as I do. I was knitting five days after my amputation, and that's got to count for something. Xx
jenlegg4@laurenpoole94 totally amazing ! how lucky are we though with correct medication we can continue to do what we love xx and we have a fantastic wardrobe of clothes too !
jenlegg4P.s love your dresses the Kim pattern has been on my radar for a while. Think I may need to purchase.. keep strong your doing great !
laurenpoole94@jenlegg4 the Kim dress is gorgeous, particularly with a circle skirt. It's just so elegant. Also, the princess seams are really clever that they give shape without being too steep. It's just lovely. Having said that, I want to hack the Kim into a full paneled dress with a huge skirt. I just need to find some real satin...
vicsteroI'm with you on sewing giving an idenity beyond illness. I think that's why I am such a selfish sewer too - having found something that makes me feel alive I have a very intimate relationship with it and find it hard to share lol. Glad you are doing so well xxx
laurenpoole94@vicstero sewing has also shown me that I have the capacity to do things even things are at their most bleak. And that even in the worst of circumstances and the worst of pain, you can still make something that is both beautiful and separate from whatever horrors you are living through.
knitmewarmerCrafting in general has helped make my chronic illness more bearable. It makes me feel productive when I would generally feel completely useless. And you're right, it does give you an identity outside of the illness. It has helped give me some of myself back, I feel like me again and I have been able to do things I'm proud of during the hardest time in my life. And it's lovely to know I'm not alone in this whole thing, thank you for sharing 😊
laurenpoole94@knitmewarmer I'd love to see more people sharing their spoonie sewing. It seems quite a few people with chronic illnesses are also wonderfully creative.
knitmewarmerI was surprised to see so many people in this community have chronic illnesses but I definitely think crafting can be therapy so it makes sense that we'd all come to it like we have. I definitely want to learn to embroider next because I need something to do when I'm stuck in bed and staring longingly at my sewing machine 😂 I love knitting but I do quite big projects and sometimes I want something with more freedom when I'm just laid down feeling unwell
paulalovestosewThis is beautifully written and very insightful. 💕
fabrikefantastikeSo well put. Keeps me sane in hard times, too. Plus it's fun and it feels nice to wear beautiful unique clothing :)'
On the Curious Motions of Syphilis and Lyme Disease Bacteria
The bacteria that cause syphilis and Lyme Disease have something extraordinary in common: they manage to propel themselves through their environment in spite of the fact their tails are located inside their bodies.
The bacteria that cause syphilis and Lyme Disease have something extraordinary in common: they manage to propel themselves through their environment in spite of the fact their tails are located inside their bodies.
For bacteria, they're also unusually shaped and active. In this movie, you can see the bacteria that cause Lyme Disease moving like living, squirming cavatappi.
Syphilis and Lyme Disease -- which together have two of my very favorite Latin names -- Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi -- belong to a group of bacteria called spirochetes that look like squiggles and move like corkscrews. Spirochetes don't just inflict misery on humans and other animals, though. Many of them do just fine on their own in rivers, ponds, lakes, and oceans. Here's one captured from a salt marsh in San Francisco Bay.
Today, we know that only some of them are actually helical like corkscrews, while others like T. pallidum and B. burgdorferi are flat waves like sines and cosines. In this slow-mo video of a tethered B. burgdorferi (the scientists somehow pinned it down) you can see how the bacterial profile briefly flattens as it turns. The first part of the video is in real time. The second slows the action down. Watch the third rotation in particular very carefully.
So how do bacteria that appear so athletic manage their acrobatics with tails planted quite firmly (and seemingly uselessly) inside their bodies?
Whatever their shape, all spirochetes have tails, or flagella, of the same type that other bacteria have: a long helix joined by an L-shaped connecter called a hook to a motor embedded in the cell's membrane. In most bacteria, these tails protrude from the back of their owners into the environment. They are rigid and rotate, powered by the motors at their base. These flagella function much like a corkscrew called a Screwpull -- their rotation generates thrust. In the case of the screwpull, the torque is used to extract a cork from a bottle.
In the case of bacteria, the torque pushes the bacteria forward or pull it backward, like the screws on a submarine or ship.
The many tails of spirochetes -- they usually have several -- are embedded in rows near each end of the organism and coil back around the body, terminating somewhere near the middle. Stripped of their flagella, these bacteria revert to straight rods, so the rigid tails must act like skeletons that bend the bacteria into their characteristic shapes. In this schematic of a flat-wave spirochete, the purple flagella are clustered together into band-like ribbons:
Fig. 1 from Harman et al, 2013. Click image for source.
The ribbons overlap somehow in mid-section of B. burgdorferi. It isn't clear yet whether the two ribbons form a continuous band or whether the ribbons terminate on opposite sides of the cell. This whole bundle is wrapped inside a protective outer membrane (the outer membrane has been omitted in the image above). It fits tightly around the spirochete -- so tight, in fact, that under high magnification it's possible to see that the outer membrane bulges where the flagella pass underneath, a bit like bacterial skinny jeans.
So how do this all this machinery push spirochetes forward? When the two ribbons of flagella turn in opposite directions (one end clockwise, the other end counterclockwise), the spirochete moves in a straight line. Since they are attached at opposite ends, they must rotate in opposite directions for a wave to propagate in the same direction down the length of the cell. In effect, they turn their entire body into one giant flagellum. In this illustration of how it might work, the spirochete slithers by like a sea serpent.
When the flagella spin in the same direction (i.e. both clockwise or both counter-clockwise), the spirochete flexes or bends irregularly, as you saw in the first film of this blog post.
There is fluid -- perhaps like transmission or brake fluid -- in the space between the cell body and the outer membrane in which the bands of flagella lie, and this fluid is vital to movement. It acts as lubricant and a purveyor of the forces acting on the outside of the cell, and without it, the flagella would tangle. Resistance from thick fluids or barriers outside the cell bearing down on the outer membrane are transmitted via the outer membrane and this fluid to the internal flagella, whose slow-down is in turn relayed to their motors, which bog down in response. In this way, the internal propulsion system of a spirochete senses and responds to the outside world.
When the viscosity, or thickness, of the fluid the bacterium is swimming in goes up, B. burgdorferi slows down. That's what you'd expect. But when scientists added chemicals that increase both the viscosity *and* elasticity of the bacterial environment, B. burgdorferi actually sped up. This counter-intuitive result makes more sense when you realize that our flesh is largely a mesh of collagen fibers that responds to bacteria with both elastic and viscous forces. B. burgdorferi bacteria are even able to squeeze through gelatin with pores significantly smaller than their own bodies.
Together, these results suggest that these bacteria may owe their success as pathogens to their ability to worm their way into the tight places of our bodies in a way externally flagellated bacteria cannot. Inside us, they can drive pretty much wherever they want.
In this movie, you can compare the motions of the two bacteria for yourself:
The remarkable engineering of these bacteria are probably a major reason spirochetes have been such successful pathogens in humans and other animals. Syphilis and Lyme Disease are better at penetrating our bodies than almost any other organisms. Spirochetes cross barriers that are impenetrable to almost anything else, including basement membranes and the linings of organs like intestines called endothelium that function to keep the kajillions of bacteria in your gut out of the rest of your body. In humans, syphilis and Lyme Disease bacteria easily penetrate the normally sacrosanct blood-brain barrier to infect the central nervous system. Syphilis can invade the placenta and infect an unborn child.
This extraordinary ability is reflected in the symptoms of these brutal diseases. The characteristic bullseye rash of Lyme disease seems to be the result of their penetrative ability, as the spirochetes burrow into the skin and soft tissue of their new host and trigger a destructive inflammatory response radiating from the bite that delivered them. Lyme Disease and syphilis sufferers -- the latter of which have been legion among the great and small in human history, including many people today -- may experience damage to multiple organs, joints, and the brain and nervous system as a result of the same damaging inflammation. In syphilis, the spirochetes seem to be amazingly good and fast at this, managing to find their way into blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and testes in laboratory animals in less than 48 hours. For an organism just a dozen or so micrometers long, which must penetrate countless tough membranes evolved to keep them out with no obvious means of propulsion -- which can, in fact, move only by engaging its whole body in a beautiful but lethal shimmy -- two days from tick to testis ain't bad.
Reference
Harman M., Vig D., Radolf J. & Wolgemuth C. (2013). Viscous Dynamics of Lyme Disease and Syphilis Spirochetes Reveal Flagellar Torque and Drag, Biophysical Journal, 105 (10) 2273-2280. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.10.004
Charon N.W., Cockburn A., Li C., Liu J., Miller K.A., Miller M.R., Motaleb M.A. & Wolgemuth C.W. (2012). The Unique Paradigm of Spirochete Motility and Chemotaxis, Annual Review of Microbiology, 66 (1) 349-370. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150145
'SAS deaths: The savage beauty of the Brecon Beacons
By Ceri JacksonBBC News 14 July 2015 Image copyrightDAN SANTILLO
The Brecon Beacons is the chosen testing ground for one of the most revered fighting forces in the world - the Special Air Service.
A deceptive and gruelling environment, the deadly extent of its pitfalls was brought into sharp and shocking focus on Saturday 13 July, 2013.
Early morning, three supremely fit, experienced soldiers set off on a 16-mile timed march.
It was a relatively short exercise in a series they had volunteered to undertake in a quest to being accepted into "The Regiment".
None of them made it back.
A month-long inquest into why these soldiers collapsed delivered a conclusion of neglect on Tuesday.
Here BBC Wales news website takes a closer look at one of Wales' last true wildernesses, its significant role in the history of the SAS and why it is no stranger to tragedy.
On bank holiday weekend August 1900, five-year-old Tommy Jones left home with his father, a young Rhondda miner, to visit his grandparents' farm in the Brecon hills.
Wearing new boots, his best sailor suit and collaret, they caught the train to Brecon before they both set off on a four-mile walk to the farm set in a deep valley below the highest summit in south Wales, Pen-y-Fan.
With only a quarter of a mile to go, Tommy and his father stopped at the Login, a building now in ruins but then a busy camp for soldiers training at a nearby rifle range.
Mr Jones bought a drink from the canteen and a penny's worth of biscuits for his boy.
Media captionBack to the Hills: SAS veteran Rusty Firmin recalls his own fear of failure during his selection in 1977
As fate would have it, they met Tommy's grandfather and cousin, William. Serendipity. Or so it seemed.
The men decided to have another drink and 13-year-old William was told to run to the farm and warn his grandmother to expect guests. An excited Tommy followed him.
Just a few hundred yards along, he began to cry. More at home in the terraced streets of the valleys, Tommy became frightened by the hills. His cousin told him to go back to his dad.
Around 15 minutes later, the cousin returned to the camp from seeing his grandmother. "Where's Tommy?" Mr Jones asked.
Image copyrightDAN SANTILLOImage captionObelisk near Pen-y-Fan in memory of Tommy Jones. Inquest jurors - who recorded he died from exhaustion and exposure - donated their fees to help pay for it
It wasn't long before soldiers joined the search - the first of 29 days of scouring the hills in a drama that captivated the entire nation and its newspapers.
A gardener's wife, who lived near Brecon, claimed the Daily Mail's reward for finding Tommy.
She had dreamed of his whereabouts and shrugged it off. But the dream played on her mind and a few days later she persuaded her husband to borrow a pony and trap for the long trip across the Beacons. She found Tommy's remains exactly where she dreamed they would be.
In his panic and fear, Tommy had climbed a staggering 1,300ft onto a ridge above the Login. No-one had thought to search so high, dismissing it as beyond the reach of a small child.
Anyone growing up around the beacons learns the story of Little Tommy Jones at an early age. It never leaves you. It's designed not to; a heart-breaking reminder that the beguiling beauty of the hills belie a ruthless, capricious nature.
Image copyrightDAN SANTILLOImage captionPen-y-Fan - which means 'highest of this place' - stands 886 metres (2,907 ft) above sea-level
On Saturday July 13, 2013, perhaps for the first time since the tragic events of Tommy Jones over 100 years before, the nation's attention shifted once again to the Brecon Beacons. The same question was asked: "How on earth could that happen?"
Corporal James Dunsby, 31, Lance Corporal Craig Roberts, 24, and Lance Corporal Edward Maher, 31, were men in their prime. They were supremely fit, intelligent and determined reservists with recognised military experience.
When they started the 16-mile march on what the Met Office forecast to be one of the summer's warmest days, they had no reason on earth to expect it to be their last. No one did.
Throughout the day, all three men - part of a 78-strong mixture of reservist and regular soldiers trying out for the SAS - made good progress, passing through checkpoints to pick up grid references for the next rendezvous point.
Image captionThe soldiers collapsed during the march while carrying 50lbs (22kg) of equipment
All three were on course to complete the march within time. Then, one by one, their GPS trackers became static.
When help eventually reached Edward Maher, rigor mortis had already set in. His body was in a seated position, a bottle of water in one hand, a half-eaten chocolate bar in the other.
Shortly before, Craig Roberts was found convulsing by another soldier. Despite medical help, he was pronounced dead on the hills at 1710 BST.
James Dunsby was tantalisingly close to the finish near the busy A470, when he collapsed. He died two weeks later in hospital.
Roberts and Maher died of hyperthermia. Dunsby died of multiple organ failure as a result of hyperthermia.
Image copyrightMODImage captionJames Dunsby (far right) with Prince Harry and his fellow troops in Helmand Province, Afghanistan
The arguments about what exactly led to their deaths continue to rage: lack of acclimatisation; not enough water at checkpoints; MoD guidelines not being followed; lack of risk assessments prior and during the march; unreliable GPS tracking; poor contingency planning; delayed medical help, and so on.
Regardless of who or what is right, few disagree that something went terribly wrong that day.
"I was surprised to find three had died on one selection," said Rusty Firmin, the man who brought the SAS to the attention of the world when he played a lead role in one of the regiment's defining moments - the storming of the Iranian Embassy following a six-day siege in London in 1980.
"I can't remember that ever happening before.
"Heat exhaustion is easy to spot if you're looking for it. I'm certain the instructors on that day, as with any other day, would have been looking for signs.
"I've worked all over the world in 100-plus countries on every continent and actually, how many people have I known who have suffered with heat sickness? I can probably count the number on one hand."
Image copyrightRUSTY FIRMINImage captionRusty Firmin, author of two books on his 15 years with the SAS, says the Brecon Beacons are highly valued by the Army
Former SAS sergeant and novelist Andy McNab is just as baffled.
"Clearly something went wrong which needs to be rectified," he said.
"Every soldier knows from day one that the only important things in the field are ammunition and water. You can't survive without them so you're aware of their importance.
"With this in mind, I find it very hard to understand why the guys, who were issued with water bottles, got into this state."
They were not the only candidates to get into that state.
Image copyrightTHINKSTOCKImage captionArmy reserve SAS candidates are usually ex-regular Army or in the TA although 25% join with no military connection
Just a few hours into the march, the first of seven cases of heat sickness that day were identified.
The inquiry into the men's deaths heard accounts from walkers flagged down by distressed soldiers, not those who subsequently perished, who pleaded for water.
Soldiers are a common sight on the Beacons. They have been for centuries. This is an area whose military history dates back to Roman times when it served as a cavalry base.
Army camps remain at Sennybridge and Dering Lines, the Infantry Battle School Brecon - former regimental HQ of the legendary South Wales Borderers whose stand at Rorke's Drift was immortalised in the film Zulu.
The remains of a number of other long-abandoned training camps, rifle and live firing ranges, are slowly being reclaimed by nature.
Elsewhere around the 500 sq miles of Brecon Beacons National Park, the strewn and rusted wreckage of some 40 warplanes which crashed mainly during the Second World War, are yet another reminder of the hazards unleashed by the hills' unique weather system.
This subject of the weather was of course central to the inquest into the soldiers' deaths. It opened in June this year when Coroner Louise Hunt was told the weather that day was "freaky".
But sub-zero or stifling, it is precisely this spectrum of uncompromising, disorientating conditions which is so valued by the Army.
Speak to anyone who knows the Beacons and they will tell you 'things turn on a sixpence up there'.
"It can be like the Costa Del Sol down by the Storey Arms car park," said Ken Jones, organiser of the Fan Dance (named after Pen-y-Fan) an annual endurance event inspired by SAS selection.
"You go a few hundred metres up and the wind and hill fog can come in and it can be raining heavy and you can come undone very quickly."
Image captionFormer Paratrooper Ken Jones says the will to succeed is an "indomitable force" which is difficult to control
So why exactly is the weather so testing and unpredictable?
The Beacons are the first land mass the jet stream hits as it rolls off the Irish Sea, explains Brecon Mountain Rescue's Mark Jones.
"On a clear day, because the Beacons are the highest point in the area, you can see the weather rolling like a cloud bank off the coast.
"I think the time it catches people out is when there's already established cloud but it's higher than the peaks. Then, suddenly, the cloud drops. There's a temperature change, visibility is gone.
"That can happen within 10 to 15 minutes with visibility reduced from 'as far as the eye can see' to just 15ft."
These unpredictable conditions ensure the month-long selection marches - held twice a year, summer and winter, and followed by five months of 'continuation training' - are not only used to test physical fitness, but something arguably more important - strength of mind.
"You've got fairly miserable weather, highly demanding terrain and the shape of the landscape requires, in many instances, careful route selection to ensure it doesn't just become a physical exercise," says Ken Jones, a serving Paratrooper when he undertook SAS selection.
"It's a mental one too, with the candidate required to think and he's ultimately responsible for his own actions on this individual, self-sustained march."
Image copyrightDAN SANTILLOImage captionThe Brecon Beacons has a strong connection with the military dating back to Roman times
Recalling his first attempt at selection which he failed, Andy McNab said: "It's extremely hard."
"Literally it's every day, you've got to travel between 15 and 64km with a bergen (backpack) weighing between 35 and 55lbs. And you've got to go from one checkpoint to another and cover the distance as quickly as you can because you don't know the cut-off time for that day's tab (march).
"For me it wasn't the physical side of it, it was the mental endurance.
"You can't gauge yourself against other people because other people are doing different routes. It's all about your own best efforts and that was very, very hard. You just had to keep going."
Ken Jones said he nearly died due to exposure at night during his selection month's final 40-mile march called the Long Drag.
"I was in serious trouble and I remember my thought process," he added. "It wasn't 'oh my God, I might die'. It was 'oh my God, I might fail selection'."
"That's an indomitable force. What can you do to vanquish that? I've heard accusations from candidates who've failed the course that a more careful and intelligent form of man management is required to control that do-or-die attitude.
"How do you control an urge like that? If someone doesn't particularly care about dying at the time and they want to continue at all costs?"
That same urge, he explained, can lead to candidates becoming accomplished actors at checkpoints, bluffing their way through questions designed to expose problems like heat illness which would result in their instant withdrawal.
And that is one thing the most determined candidates fear above anything else.
So with all the extremes of weather in mind, the uninitiated might think a hot July day is preferable to a cold and wet one in February.
Image copyrightDAN SANTILLO
But then 13 July was not just warm. It proved to be one of the hottest days of the year; the temperature reached 27C.
Nathan Webster, a keen hill walker from Cardiff, was around Pen-y-Fan that afternoon.
"It was roasting," he recalls. "Even at 4 o'clock, the heat was searing, pumping down on me. You could feel it burning your skin.
"On parts of the ridges you could see heat thermals moving around the valley. It was as if heat was trapped there. There was no air, absolutely no breeze."
Mr Webster had climbed onto to a high ridge with a panoramic view of the central Beacons area when he heard a helicopter.
"Through my binoculars I could see they were Army," he said. "I could see the helicopter was there and a couple of guys were crouched down, not moving.
"To the left of them was a big group of people. They were gathered round an area with what looked like large rucksacks or even body bags dotted around.
"At that distance it was hard to make out what had happened but I knew it was something bad."
Image copyrightNATHAN WEBSTERImage captionNathan Webster, a walker from Cardiff, witnessed rescue attempts on one of the three men who died
It was not until much later that Mr Webster heard reports of heat sickness. Heat sickness? This was the Welsh countryside. We're hardly a nation famed for its problems with excessive heat.
That could have been part of the problem. The inquest into the soldiers' deaths heard that the majority of heat illness cases actually happen in temperate climates, like the UK.
Leaving aside factors like genetics which can play a part, soldiers, particularly the reservists, may not have had much opportunity to acclimatise to such intense heat, the inquest heard.
It is also possible the soldiers appeared to be functioning normally, until it was too late.
"Heat exhaustion can hit pretty quickly," explained Professor Brent Ruby, an expert in heat stress and human endurance at the University of Montana, USA.
"Especially in a population bent on really pushing themselves. Often they can push through the initial warning signs and initial discomfort and then quickly get into trouble."
So how do troops manage to cope in intensely hot environments such as the desert and not cope in the Welsh hills?
"The difference between the real world combat scenario and this scenario is the work rate," he said.
"The work rate in this selection scenario is considerably harder than they could expect to find in the majority of their operations. Just because of the duration and metabolic load created by this event."
He added that the fact that the soldiers were against the clock also meant they were unlikely to have had sufficient time to cool down properly.
"People constantly think 'Oh, if I just drink enough water, I'll be fine," he said. "'I can do whatever I want, run at this pace, hike at this pace and not have any problems'. That is a major misconception.
Image copyrightDAN SANTILLO
"The number one way to prevent or reduce risk is to slow down to enable the body to offload heat - remove clothes, shade, rest, then a distant next stop is cold water.
"If this doesn't happen it ultimately leads to an unusually high skin temperature and when that starts to encroach on the internal body temperature, or may even exceed it, that's when you get into a very dangerous situation.
"They can't offload heat and it just builds and builds and then the core temperature soars and then they collapse."
Earlier this month, the man who was director of UK Special Services in 2013 gave evidence at the inquest into the deaths.
Soldier EE, as he was referred to, said he was "very aware" of heat injuries; he had served in Afghanistan where temperatures hit the 40s and low 50s.
He was then asked about the Ministry of Defence's code of practice on heat illness set out in a document entitled JSP539
This document states that in the case of heat illness, an activity should stop if operationally possible. Had this been adhered to, the march on July 13, 2013, would have been called off after only a few hours as two other men were withdrawn due to heat sickness after midday.
This, the coroner, said would have saved the lives of Craig Roberts, Edward Maher and James Dunsby.
Soldier EE was asked about organisers of the march admitting to the coroner that they were not aware of that document.
"It wouldn't surprise me," he told the hearing.
"It would not at first glance appear relevant to a rigorous march in the Welsh mountains," adding that he would, however, be surprised if they were not keenly aware of symptoms of heat illness.
As if the point needs to be pressed home anymore...
It does not matter who you are - five-year-old Tommy Jones or an special forces soldier - getting caught on the wrong side of the treacherous terrain of the Brecon Beacons with their capricious elemental forces, never ends well.
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RUSTY FIRMIN
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